Cr12Mo1V1(D2,1.2379)
Category:
Cr12Mo1V1 die steel (corresponding to American Standard D2 and GB/T 1299), Cr12Mo1V1 is the benchmark material for precision cold-working dies with the core advantage of "ultra-high wear resistance + micro-deformation", but carbide segregation needs to be strictly controlled.
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Details
Product Information
Model:Cr12Mo1V1
Germany-1.2601/x155CrMoV12-1
Japan-SKD11/SLD/DC11/CDS11
USA-D2/T30402
Sweden-XW41
British-BD2
Austria-K110
France-X160CrMoV12
Product parameter
Steelgrade(GB) |
Comparison of Steel Grades by Country | Technical Conditions | Chemical Constituents | ||||||||||||||
C |
Cr |
Mo |
V |
S |
P |
Si |
Mn |
Ni |
W |
Al |
Cu |
Nb |
Co |
B |
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Cr12Mo1V1 |
Germany(1.2344) USA(H13) Japan(SKD61)
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GB/T 1299-2014 |
0.32 ¦ 0.45 |
4.80 ¦ 5.50 |
1.30 ¦ 1.60 |
0.90 ¦ 1.20 |
≤0.030 |
≤0.030 |
0.80 ¦ 1.20 |
0.20 ¦ 0.50 |
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Cr12Mo1V1 die steel (corresponding to American Standard D2 and GB/T 1299), Cr12Mo1V1 is the benchmark material for precision cold-working dies with the core advantage of "ultra-high wear resistance + micro-deformation", but carbide segregation needs to be strictly controlled.
Smelting Method
Mainstream process: electric arc furnace (EAF) primary smelting + LF ladle refining + VD vacuum degassing: deep desulfurization (S ≤ 0.030%), dephosphorization (P ≤ 0.030%), controlling oxygen content ≤ 20 ppm, improving purity;
Upgrading process: electrostatic remelting (ESR) is adopted for high-end batches to further reduce inclusions (A/B/C ≤ 1.0 grade) and optimize the uniformity and isotropic of the structure;
Innovative technology: continuous casting and rolling combined with high temperature homogenization (1460 ~ 1470 ℃) to improve carbide segregation and increase the yield to 90% ~ 95%;
Process Characteristics
Heat treatment process
Process |
Parameter |
Target effect |
Annealing |
850 ~ 870 ℃ → 740 ~ 760 ℃ Isothermal 4 ~ 6h |
Hardness ≤ 241 HB, carbide grade ≤ 3 |
Quenching |
Quenching: oil cooling at 950 ~ 1040 ℃ (hardness: 60 ~ 65 HRC),High quenching: 1050 ~ 1100 ℃ oil cooling (secondary hardening) |
high hardness + wear resistance |
Tempering |
Tempering at least twice (≥ 2h each time) to avoid 300 ~ 375 ℃ brittle zone Preferred: 200 ℃ (low quenching) or 500 ~ 560 ℃ (high quenching) |
stable hardness (58 ~ 64 HRC), anti-cracking |
Innovative process: Solid solution and double refinement: solid solution at 1100 ~ 1150 ℃ + tempering at 750 ℃ + secondary quenching at 960 ℃ → carbide rounding, the impact toughness is increased by 57.6%;
Hexahedral forging method: forging ratio ≥ 15, initial forging temperature 1100 ~ 1150 ℃, final forging temperature ≥ 850 ℃, carbide inhomogeneity decreased from 5 ~ 6 grade to ≤ 2 grade;
Purity
Composition (mass fraction%):
C |
Cr |
Mo |
V |
S/P |
1.40~1.60 |
11.00~13.00 |
0.70~1.20 |
0.70~1.20 |
≤0.030 |
Micro-Structure
Annealed state: spherical pearlite + granular carbide (Cr CrC, VC), hardness 207 ~ 255 HB;
Quenched and tempered state: matrix: tempered martensite; Carbides: Cr, CrC, MoC and VC are dispersed, and retained austenite is more than 40% after high quenching;
Abnormal structure: the unforged material is prone to network carbide, which causes brittle fracture;
Impact Work
Conventional process: low toughness (embrittlement caused by banded segregation of carbide), easy chipping;
After optimization: solid solution double refining + vacuum heat treatment → impact energy 8.347 J/cm ² (+ 57.6% compared with common process); Cryogenic treatment (-70 ℃ × 24h) → precipitation of ultrafine carbide, and the toughness is improved by 30% -50%;
Ultrasonic Flaw Detection
Standard: SEP 1921/ASTM A388; Level: Ordinary grade: defect ≤ Φ2 mm equivalent; High quality (ESR): full section inspection, defect ≤ Φ1 mm equivalent (for aviation/medical precision parts);
Ex-Factory Status
Routine: annealed state (hardness ≤ 255 HB), surface state can be black leather, round turning or fine grinding (Ra ≤ 0.8 μm);
Size Specification
Type |
Size range |
Note |
Round steel |
Φ5.5~650 mm × customized length ≤18 m |
Precision punch/tool blank |
Plate steel |
Thickness 4~300 mm × W 1000~2500 mm |
large formwork (length ≤ 12 m) |
Forging module |
≤35t(ESR ingot ≤25t) |
Special for heavy tool steel |
Main Features
Ultra-high wear resistance: quenching hardness 62 ~ 65 HRC, Cr CrC carbide (hardness 2200 HV) support long-term wear resistance;
Micro-deformation characteristics: high temperature quenching residual austenite counteracts stress, dimensional change rate is less than 0.1%, suitable for precision molds;
Excellent hardenability: hardenable by air cooling, critical diameter ≥ 200 mm;
Surface strengthening compatibility: nitriding/vanadizing → surface hardness ≥ 1000 HV, service life increased by 10 ~ 20 times; Salt bath thiocyanation → the best adhesion resistance (for stainless steel drawing dies);
Product Application Area
Area |
Typical component |
Key points of process adaptation |
Precision blanking die |
silicon steel sheet die, IC blanking die |
hardness 62 ~ 64 HRC + boronizing treatment (life ↑ 20 times) |
Cold working tools |
wire drawing die, thread rolling plate, cold shearing knife |
low quenching and low tempering (quenching at 950 ~ 1040 ℃ + tempering at 200 ℃) |
Wear parts gauge |
stamping die, metal stamping die |
pr-hardened (38 ~ 42 HRC) direct processing |
Surface strengthening scene |
Stainless steel utensil drawing die, toothpaste tube cold extrusion die |
gas nitrocarburizing → service life > 30,000 pieces (↑ 10 times) |
Packing and Shipping
Generally, we will arrange the packing and shipping according to the customer's requirements, whether to pack and arrange the suitable transportation mode and vehicle, such as whether to directly load the truck for transportation, whether to bring the packing steel belt, whether to pack the spray mark and so on.




















Keywords:
Cr12Mo1V1(D2,1.2379)
FAQ
Q How should I choose the right die steel material for my die?
Ans: There are several key factors to consider when selecting a die steel, including: Mold use: injection molding? Die casting? Stamping? Cold work? Hot work? Processing material: plastic type (including glass fiber?) , metal type, yield requirements. Performance requirements: wear resistance, toughness, corrosion resistance, high temperature strength, polishing, dimensional stability. Budget: The price of different material grades varies greatly. Processing conditions: working temperature, stress, cooling mode. Suggestion: Provide as much detail as possible about the application of the die, or contact our technical sales team directly, and we will recommend the most suitable material grade according to your specific needs.
Q Is the die steel provided by you genuine? How to ensure the quality of materials?
Ans: Yes, the die steel we provide is produced and processed independently. We have long-term cooperation with first-line brands at national and abroad to ensure that all materials are genuine. We provide a complete original warranty (material certificate), including key data such as chemical composition and physical properties. We will also carry out strict factory re-inspection of some materials to ensure that the quality meets the standards.
Q The price of die steel fluctuates greatly. What are the main factors affecting the price?
Ans: The price of die steel is mainly affected by the following factors: Raw material cost: market price fluctuation of alloy elements (such as chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, etc.). Production process: ESR, VD/VAR and other special processes increase the cost. Grade and brand of material: The price of material with high performance and famous brand is higher. Specifications and sizes: Premium prices may apply for special sizes, large sizes, or small quantities. Market supply and demand: changes in supply and demand in global and regional markets. Processing state: the price of pre-hard state (such as P20, 718, NAK80, etc.) Is higher than that of annealed state. We will provide a transparent and reasonable quotation according to the market situation.
Q What is time for delivery?
Ans: The delivery time depends on: Material inventory status: Common brands and specifications We usually have in stock, can achieve faster delivery (for example: 1-3 working days). Material specification and status: special size, uncommon brand or special treatment (such as pre-hardening, deep processing) may need to be ordered, the cycle is relatively long (for example: 1-6 weeks). Order size: Large orders may require coordinated production scheduling. Please tell us your specific requirements (brand, specification, status, quantity) at the time of inquiry, and we will provide the most accurate delivery information.
Q Can you provide heat treatment or processing services after the purchase of die steel?
Ans: Yes, we provide complementary professional services: Heat treatment: With professional heat treatment equipment (vacuum quenching, cryogenic treatment, tempering, etc.) And strict process control, we can provide customers with precise heat treatment services (according to material brand and hardness requirements). Finish machining: We can provide precision machining services such as milling, grinding (surface grinding, internal and external grinding), wire cutting, EDM, etc. According to customer's drawings. Please provide your specific needs (drawings, technical requirements), and we will evaluate and provide quotations and service programs.
Q The mold cracks and wears too fast during use. What are the possible reasons? Is it related to the material?
Ans: The causes of mold failure are complex and diverse, which may be related to materials, but also involve many links such as design, processing, heat treatment, service conditions, etc.: Material factors: improper selection of materials (performance does not match the working conditions), internal defects of materials (inclusions, segregation), counterfeit and shoddy materials. Heat treatment factors: Improper process leads to poor structure, uneven hardness and excessive residual stress. Design/processing factors: stress concentration, poor surface roughness, too deep tool marks. Usage factors: overload, insufficient lubrication, poor cooling, improper maintenance. Suggestion: In case of failure, please provide detailed information as much as possible (material grade, heat treatment status, photos of failure location, description of working condition). Our technical team can assist you in preliminary analysis to determine whether it is related to the material or provide suggestions for improvement.
Q Do you have a minimum order quantity (MOQ) requirement for your die steel products?
Ans: For the stock of conventional grades and specifications, we usually do not have strict MOQ restrictions, and can be purchased according to the actual needs of customers. For materials requiring special orders (such as unusual grades, special sizes, customized heat treatment/processing), Certain MOQ requirements may be set to ensure the economy of production, usually a minimum of 8 tons. Please consult our sales staff for specific MOQ before placing an order.
Q In addition to standard grades, can you offer special die steels with custom compositions?
Ans: We mainly deal in standard grades of die steel, which are widely proven to meet the needs of most applications. For the development of customized alloys with special performance requirements, this usually involves a large amount of R & D investment and production coordination, which is costly and takes a long time. We recommend that priority be given to the material closest to the demand from among the existing mature grades, or to meet special requirements by optimizing the heat treatment and surface treatment. If there is a need for customization, please specify the technical requirements and we will evaluate the feasibility.
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