Precision forging is a forming technique where parts, after being forged, meet the dimensional accuracy requirements with minimal or no further machining. There are two main approaches to achieving precision forging: refining the blank, i.e., directly forging a blank that meets the requirements of precision machining; and precision forging parts, where the entire part or some of its sections are directly processed using precision forging, thus reducing the amount of machining required. Many precision forging processes are currently used in production. According to the forming temperature, they can be divided into hot precision forging, cold precision forging, warm precision forging, and composite precision forging, etc.

1. Hot Precision Forging Process

Hot precision forging is a precision forging process carried out above the recrystallization temperature. Because the deformation temperature is high, the material's deformation resistance is low, and its plasticity is good during forging, so it is easy to form parts with complex geometries.

2. Cold Precision Forging Process

Cold precision forging is a precision forging technique performed at room temperature. Due to room temperature forming, dimensional errors caused by thermal expansion and contraction are avoided. Therefore, the shape and size of cold-forged workpieces are easier to control, and the workpiece surface does not produce oxidation or burning, resulting in high surface quality. Therefore, the forging accuracy of hot forging and warm forging is lower than that of cold forging.

3. Warm Precision Forging Process

Warm forging is a precision forging technique where the metal is heated to a suitable temperature below the recrystallization temperature for forging. It combines the advantages of hot forging and cold forging while avoiding their drawbacks, effectively reducing the load on equipment and dies, improving the metal's plasticity and fluidity, and eliminating the need for annealing.

4. Composite Precision Forging Process

Composite precision forging is a forging technique that combines cold, warm, and hot forging processes to complete the forging of a workpiece. It leverages the advantages of cold, warm, and hot forging while avoiding their disadvantages. Parts produced using composite precision forging exhibit improved mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and surface quality compared to those produced using a single forging technique. Commonly used composite precision forging processes include warm forging-cold finishing, hot forging-cold forging, warm extrusion-cold upsetting, warm-hot precision forging-cold extrusion, and hot precision forging-cold upsetting, etc.